To describe the more advanced principles of optics and refraction.
To list the indications for and uses of more advanced low vision aids.
To identify the key examination techniques and management of the less common surgical problems in the subspecialty areas of glaucoma (e.g., secondary open angle and closed angle glaucoma), cornea (e.g., fungal and other less common microbial keratitis, corneal transplantation), ophthalmic plastic surgery (e.g., extensive benign and common lid lesions, ptosis), retina (e.g., simple retinal detachment, mild to moderate proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and laser treatments), and neuro-ophthalmology (e.g., less common optic neuropathy, supranuclear palsies, myasthenia gravis,more complex visual field defects).
Patient Care
To perform more advanced anterior segment (e.g., more complex refractions, including contact lens and post-operative refractions, intermediate retinoscopy, including moderate astigmatism, examination of young children, intermediate techniques of slit lamp biomicroscopy) and posterior segment examination skills (e.g., more advanced techniques of dilated fundus examination, including scleral depression, use of magnification and lenses to diagram and describe retinal lesions).
To recognize and treat ocular emergencies (e.g, central retinal artery occlusion, giant cell arteritis,chemical burn, acute angle closure glaucoma, endophthalmitis, traumatically open globe), as well as the short and long term complications of these disorders.
To perform more advanced external and adnexal surgical procedures (e.g.,, simple ectropion and simple entropion repair, removal of small, localized, and benign lid lesions, pterygium excision).
To perform common anterior segment surgery (e.g., cataract extraction, trabeculectomy, peripheral iridectomy).
To recognize, and refer if indicated, some major genetic ocular disorders (e.g., neurofibromatosis I and II, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel Lindau syndrome, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa).
To recognize more complex and difficult ophthalmic histopathology findings.
PGY-4 level goals
Medical Knowledge
To describe the advanced principles of optics and refraction (e.g., pre- and post-refractive surgery,higher order aberrations).
To list the indications for and uses of advanced low vision aids.
To identify the key examination techniques and management of complex but common medical and surgical problems in the subspecialty areas of glaucoma (e.g., complicated or post-operative primary and secondary open and closed angle glaucoma), cornea (e.g., unusual or rare types of microbial keratitis), ophthalmic plastic surgery (e.g., less common and more complex lid lesions, re-operation or complex or recurrent ptosis), retina (e.g., complex retinal detachment, tractional retinal detachments and severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy), and neuroophthalmology (e.g., unusual optic neuropathy, neuroimaging, supranuclear palsies, uncommon visual field defects).
Patient Care
To perform the most advanced anterior segment (e.g., complex refractions, advanced retinoscopy,advanced slit lamp biomicroscopy) and posterior segment examination skills (e.g., drawings of retinal detachments; interpretation of macular disorders with slit lamp biomicroscopy).
To manage or supervise the more junior trainees (e.g., medical students or medical residents) in the management ocular emergencies (e.g, central retinal artery occlusion, giant cell arteritis, chemical burn, angle closure glaucoma, endophthalmitis).
To perform more advanced external and adnexal surgical procedures (e.g., lacrimal gland procedures,complex lid laceration repair, e.g., canalicular and lacrimal apparatus involvement).
To perform and treat complications of common anterior segment surgery, (e.g., cataract extraction,trabeculectomy, peripheral iridectomy).
To recognize and evaluate the major genetic ocular disorders (e.g., neurofibromatosis I and II, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel Lindau syndrome, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa).
To recognize uncommon or rare but classic ophthalmic histopathology findings.
