PGY-3 Level Goals (In addition to PGY-2 level goals)
Medical Knowledge
To identify the principles and indications for retinoscopy.
To describe more complex types of refractive errors, including post-operative refractive errors.
To describe the more advanced ophthalmic optics and optical principles of refraction and retinoscopy (e.g., post-keratoplasty, post-cataract extraction).
Patient Care
To perform the technique of retinoscopy.
To identify media opacities with retinoscopy.
To perform an integrated refraction based upon retinoscopic results.
To perform more advanced refraction techniques (e.g., astigmatism, complex refractions, asymmetric accommodative add).
To perform objective and subjective refraction techniques in more complex refractive errors, including astigmatism and post-operative refractive error.
To perform more advanced techniques of retinoscopy for detecting simple and complex refractive error.
To describe and use more advanced techniques using trial lenses or the phoropter for more complex refractive errors, including modification and refinement of subjective manifest refractive error and more complex refractive errors (e.g., advanced and irregular astigmatism, vertex distance).
To use the keratometer for detection of more advanced refractive error.
PGY-4 level goals (In addition to PGY-3 level goals)
Medical Knowledge
To describe the most complex types of refractive errors, including post-operative refractive errors , post-keratoplasty, and refractive surgery.
To describe the most advanced ophthalmic optics and optical principles of refraction and retinoscopy, including higher order aberrations
Patient Care
To perform the most advanced refraction techniques (e.g., irregular astigmatism, pre- and postrefractive surgery).
To perform objective and subjective refraction techniques in the most complex refractive error, including astigmatism and post-operative refractive error.
To utilize the most advanced ophthalmic optics and optical principles for refraction and retinoscopy, including higher order aberrations.
To perform the most advanced techniques using trial lenses or the phoropter for more complex refractive errors, including modification and refinement of subjective manifest refractive error, cycloplegic retinoscopy and refraction, and post-cycloplegic refraction, irregular astigmatism, post-keratoplasty, and refractive surgery cases.
To use the keratometer for detection of subtle or complex advanced refractive error.
To use more advanced refraction instruments and techniques (e.g., distometer, automated refractor, corneal topography).
