Objectives: Upon completion of this conference the resident/student should be able to:

• List, define and describe the types of eye movements:
  • Saccades
  • Pursuit
  • Vestibulo-ocular reflexes
  • Optokinetic nystagmus
  • Convergence
• Discuss the neuro-anatomy of the different types of eye movements
• Define and discuss supranuclear disorders of eye movement including:
  • Supranuclear stroke
  • Ocular motor apraxia
  • Pontine gaze palsy
  • Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
  • One & one half syndrome
  • Upgaze & downgaze paresis
  • Dorsal midbrain syndrome
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy
  • Oculogyric crisis
  • Near reflex spasm
  • Convergence and divergence paresis
  • Skew deviation
  • Ocular neuromyotonia

Assignment: Please read:

• Ch 7 - The Patient with Supranuclear Disorders of Ocular Motility in the BCSC Neuro-ophthalmology book.
• I prepared for this conference using Lanning Kline's Review of Neuro-ophthalmology book.
• Another reference I found very helpful was Supranuclear Control of Ocular Motility by Lea Averbach-Heller (attached)